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They organised a mainly Scots relief force which, under George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus and de Brézé, set out on 22 November.

King Edward responded with vigour and when the Earl of Warwick arrived in November Queen Margaret and her French advisor, Pierre de Brézé were forced to sail to Scotland for help. Grey was appointed captain but surrendered after a sharp siege in the early autumn. Re-captured by Sir William Tailboys, during the winter it was surrendered by him to Hastings, Sir John Howard and Sir Ralph Grey of Heton in late July 1462. It was held against King Edward IV until its surrender in mid-September 1461 after the Battle of Towton. Alnwick was one of three castles held by Lancastrian forces in 14, and it was there that the "only practical defence of a private castle" was made according to military historian D. ĭuring the Wars of the Roses, castles were infrequently attacked and conflict was generally based around combat in the field. The castle surrendered under the threat of bombardment in 1403. The earl and his son Harry Hotspur later rebelled against King Henry IV and after defeating Hotspur in the Battle of Shrewsbury, the king pursued the earl. Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland (1341–1408), rebelled against King Richard II and helped dethrone him. The Percy family were powerful lords in northern England. Though Alnwick was considered more prestigious, Warkworth became the family's preferred residence. In 1345 the Percys acquired Warkworth Castle, also in Northumberland. It set the template for castle renovations in the 14th century in northern England several palace-fortresses, considered "extensive, opulent theatrical" date from this period in the region, such as the castles of Bamburgh and Raby. The work at Alnwick Castle balanced military requirements with the family's residential needs. The Abbot's Tower, the Middle Gateway and the Constable's Tower survive from this period. His son, also called Henry (1299–1352), continued the building. Though he did not live to see its completion, the construction programme turned Alnwick into a major fortress along the Anglo-Scottish border. The stone castle Henry Percy bought was a modest affair, but he immediately began rebuilding. From this time the fortunes of the Percys, though they still held their Yorkshire lands and titles, were linked permanently with Alnwick and its castle and have been owned by the Percy family, the Earls and later Dukes of Northumberland since. The family's property and estates had been put into the guardianship of Antony Bek, who sold them to the Percys. As John was underage, King Henry III of England conferred the wardship of his estates to a foreign kinsman, which caused great offence to the de Vesci family.

These included the barony of Alnwick and a large property in Northumberland and considerable estates in Yorkshire, including Malton. A descendant of Ivo de Vesci, John de Vesci succeeded to his father's titles and estates upon his father's death in Gascony in 1253. The castle had been founded in the late 11th century by Ivo de Vesci, a Norman nobleman from Vassy, Calvados in Normandy. In response, John ordered the demolition of Alnwick Castle and Baynard's Castle (the latter was Fitzwalter's stronghold), but his instructions were not carried out at Alnwick. Eustace de Vesci, lord of Alnwick, was accused of plotting with Robert Fitzwalter against King John in 1212. It was besieged in 1172 and again in 1174 by William the Lion, King of Scotland and William was captured outside the walls during the Battle of Alnwick. At this point it was described as "very strong". The castle was first mentioned in 1136 when it was captured by King David I of Scotland. By his marriage to Beatrix de Vesci he gained the Baronies of Malton and Alnwick. Beatrix de Vesci, daughter of Yves de Vescy married Eustace Fitz John, Constable of Chestershire and Knaresborough. Yves de Vescy, Baron of Alnwick, erected the first parts of the castle in about 1096.

Alnwick Castle, the Altar in the castle ChapelĪlnwick Castle guards a road crossing the River Aln.